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Claire said "Amazon's growth is significant, but their options to maintain this growth are also more limited than Google's or Meta's were."

"Amazon's ad revenue comes largely from search and product listings using first-party data based on consumer purchases; this isn't directly comparable to Meta, which has access to a much broader range of user data, nor with Google, which comfortably outcompetes Amazon's ad products. Google will retain the edge as the internet's general search destination, despite Amazon trying to displace it as the first destination for commerce search, while YouTube captures a more diverse range of user interests and can support a much higher ad load than Prime Video."

Karen Egan, an analyst at Enders Analysis, said the Iliad offer was attractive. “Take the money and run,” she said of Vodafone. “That’s a very full takeover multiple and it definitely includes a share of the upside from consolidation,” referring to improved market conditions for companies operating in a market with fewer competitors.

She added that a sale to Iliad could potentially “resolve Vodafone’s leverage issues”, noting that even a sale valuing the business at 5.2 times ebitda could cut Vodafone’s net debt-to-ebitda ratio from 2.9 times at the end of the first half of the year to around 2.65 times.

“For me, the United Kingdom is off the agenda for DAZN,” says Francois Godard, a senior media and telecoms analyst at Enders Analysis. “They have a small operation, which they have in several countries with second and third-tier sports rights, and they can carry on doing that. To sell directly to consumers, you need real scale because consumers won’t bother otherwise."

“If I were in the management in DAZN, I would not spend too much time worrying about the UK. I would have a country manager trying to do the best with what they have in the UK, because this territory will not drive their business at this point.

"Amazon is also growing and is likely to grow further in the UK as a sports broadcaster. In that context, DAZN had one opportunity and it did not work.

While most streamers are already spending enough to meet the investment obligations relatively easily, François Godard of Enders Analysis warned that may change.

“At some point in the future, where they are in a position they need to cut a bit and fall back on a more sustainable model, it becomes a burden,” he said. “The regulation has thrown sand in the engine.”

Alice said that the deal is big news for the music industry, and said: “Catalogues are uniquely suited to being high quality “bonds” due the stability of the return due to their scope, as well as the upside from streaming.” 

But, she did raise the fundamental question of who would manage the rights to produce the income to bond holders.