Claire Holubowskyj, senior research analyst at Enders Analysis made the point that Reddit’s business is less vulnerable to AI disintermediation than platforms built around identity-based targeting.

“Reddit’s use of interest-based rather than identity-based targeting flattens the differences in value between frequent and non-frequent users compared to other platforms,” she said. “While the ad impressions that ChatGPT disintermediates will be more valuable for Reddit than for identity-based advertisers, Reddit’s interest-based product is well-placed to capitalize on any high-intent non-logged-in traffic funnelled through by ChatGPT.” 

The challenger networks had accumulated an aggregated £9.3 billion debt, according to estimates by Enders Analysis, hit by higher financing costs. 

“I’m sure that Vodafone will see some opportunities here,” said Karen Egan, head of telecoms at Enders Analysis. “But there will be nervousness too.”

Airband is one of dozens of so-called altnet providers set up to challenge industry incumbents BT Openreach and Virgin Media O2.  However, the high cost of building out their networks has left altnets saddled with net debts of about £9bn, according to figures from Enders Analysis.

The altnets collectively posted losses in 2024 that Enders put at more than £1.5bn, as consumer uptake fell short of expectations. 

Gareth Sutcliffe, head of Media Technology & Gaming at Enders Analysis, said in a message to GamesBeat, “This announcement still doesn’t provide any insight as to what the pathway for success is for Xbox, so you have to presume that we’re at that warm up act, not the main event. Building fewer games with IPs that haven’t performed simply won’t be enough.”

He added, “Xbox is probably fortunate that the current FTE shrink target is only 20%, it easily could have been 25%+, and by the end of FY27 it’s possible that is where Xbox ends up, particularly if international operations, which take longer to shrink and aren’t announced, are included.”

“In-game advertising has been framed as the next big thing for a long time, but development was slow while programmatic and automation could not be reconciled with the need to maintain the integrity of the game experience,” said Claire Holubowskyj, senior research analyst at Enders Analysis. “Sport is a notable exception with strong advertising affinity: by investing in its own platform EA is capitalising on its early-mover advantage and dominant position over premium sports gaming.”

Claire Enders, founder and chief executive of Enders Analysis, said the move had come as a surprise given that the grounds for intervention appeared relatively weak.

But she said Nandy, an ally of Andy Burnham, who is set to become Britain's next prime minister this month, appeared to be using the prospect of delay to secure commitments.

"Substance is never that important," she said. "What ​really matters is making big promises, way in advance of events. And this intervention seems to be structured in order to attain that."

Shareholders of Nexfibre, which agreed to acquire Netomnia in February, confirming a previous FT report, have previously expressed a desire for further acquisitions in the fragmented sector, which has more than £9bn of net debt, according to Enders Analysis.

“OpenAI has refused to share chat contents with advertisers (it cannot risk eroding user trust), making external verification a requirement to prove effectiveness and build the necessary advertiser trust to transition into being a core part of media budgets,” said Claire Holubowskyj, senior research analyst at Enders Analysis.

“It proves performance but can’t deliver it: OpenAI is still developing the model for chatbot-native advertising and is yet to land on a truly differentiated format,” Holubowskyj said.